All About Escape Literature

About Escape Literature As the name recommends, purported get away from writing is composed for diversion, and to let the peruser become completely drenched in a dream or substitute reality. A lot of this sort of writing falls into the extravagance classification (think romance books). Yet, there is a wide range of artistic kinds that could be marked as dreamer: sci-fi, westerns, supernatural authenticity, even verifiable fiction. Its important that since something can be sorted as break writing doesnt fundamentally mean it doesnt have higher scholarly worth. Why Escape Literature Is Popular Its not hard to comprehend why get away from writing, in the entirety of its arrangements, is popular. Having the option to drench oneself in an anecdotal reality, where inconveniences and issues are handily perceived and explained, is a solace given by motion pictures, books and different types of amusement. Genuinely benevolent acts of departure writing make a credible imaginary world, whose occupants battle with problems that the peruser may experience. Its a shrewd method to investigate good and moral subjects inside an engaging system. Instances of Escape Literature The most convincing idealist writing incorporates works that portray characters in an altogether new, anecdotal universe. J.R.R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings set of three is a case of a sanctioned writing arrangement, complete with its own history and totally made-up dialects, that follows mythical people, dwarves and people through a legendary journey to spare their reality. In the arrangement, Tolkienâ explores the topics of right versus wrong and how little demonstrations of grit can be noteworthy. He likewise sought after his interest with etymology by growing new dialects, for example, Elvish for the glorious mythical beings in the accounts. Obviously, there are a lot of instances of getaway writing that are minimal more than mainstream society diversion. What's more, that is fine as well, similarly as long as understudies of the class can separate between the two. At the point when Escapism Is Just Entertainment The Twilight arrangement by Stephenie Meyer, which developed into an enormous film establishment with a faction following is a genuine case of lowbrow idealist writing. Its topics of affection and sentiment between a vampire and a human (who happens to be companions with a werewolf) is a not at all subtle strict purposeful anecdote, however not actually an accepted work. In any case, the intrigue of Twilightâ is verifiable: the arrangement was a top vender in the two its book and film forms.â is obvious: the arrangement was a top merchant in the two its book and film structures. Another mainstream dream arrangement regularly contrasted and the Twilight books, is theHarry Potter arrangement by J.K. Rowling (despite the fact that the nature of the last is commonly viewed as prevalent). While some may contend that Harry Potter is a case of interpretive writing, which forces a more profound investigation of this present reality through artistic topics, its subjects of otherworldly operations in a school for wizards offers a getaway from the real world. Distinction Between Escapist and Interpretive Literature Break writing is often talked about close by interpretive writing, and on occasion the line between the two classes turns into somewhat foggy. Interpretive writing tries to assist perusers with understanding further inquiries of life, passing, detest, love, distress and different components of human presence. While interpretive writing can be similarly as engaging as its cousin escape, all in all, the objective is to carry perusers closer to getting reality. Break writing needs to remove us from the real world, drenching us in an entirely different world (yet regularly with the regular old issues).

Amazon Case study

Question 1In what ways does Bezos’s choice to create and convey the Kindle and Kindle Fire show methodical and instinctive thinking?I believe that Bezo’s choice to create and to convey the Kindle show precise and natural thoroughly considering serious methodology to guarantee the accomplishment of the organization. Serious methodology alludes to a technique that is intended to make an incentive for clients by giving lower costs or novel highlights not offered by rival associations. This is demonstrated dependent on Amazon’s quarterly recording finishing March 31,2010 when their net deals had expanded to 45% in the hardware class. Jeff Bezo, CEO of Amazon.com says â€Å" as we keep on offering expanded choice, lower costs and extra product offerings inside our hardware and other general product classification, we hope to see the overall blend of deals from this class increase!†Another reason would be seeing an open door no one but Amazon.com can give long f rame perusing to be digitalized. They have examined their qualities and limits that helped them build up another development in the market. From that point, they had the option to deliver a refined item called Kindle that can survey and recollect more what an individual peruses follow individuals of intrigue and permits one to see their Public notes and deal with his books, features, and notes.Question 2How do you depict the serious hazard in Amazon’s condition as Wal-Mart, Barnes and Noble, and different retailers reinforce their web based offerings?Having the vast majority of the administrations that Amazon gives myself it is my go to put for each time I am attempting to make a buy. As I would see it, since Amazon has set up a lot of clients and being the one of the most sorted out and well disposed online spot where you can buy for all intents and purposes anything, it will be difficult for different contenders to accomplish such outcomes. Likewise the best advantage to ce rtain individuals isn't paying expenses on the items that they buy which is as of now being neglected by the Government to have amazon costumers to pay a tax.Question 3Amazon is consistently searching for new markets to misuse. As CEO Bezos addresses the key chance of conveying gushing video, he approaches you for counsel. Amazon’s nearness and innovation are as of now settled in this market. Be that as it may, what choice mistake and traps may make him settle on an inappropriate choices with respect to Amazon’s future moves, and why? What would he be able to never really maintain a strategic distance from these mistakes?Question 4What are the most recent activities coming out of Amazon? How would they stack up according to genuine or possible rivalry? How has the choice to deliver the Fire turned out? Is Bezos settling on the correct choices as he manages the firm through today’s numerous business challenges?Latest activities that are coming out, is Prime membe rship.The benefits include:FREE Two-Day Shipping on qualified things. Note: If the thing you're requesting is unavailable or inaccessible to transport, we'll get it to both of you days after it's back in stock. Make sure to confirm the cut time appeared on the detail page. Things are conveyed each day however Sunday, and requests over $1300 may require a signature.FREE Standard Shipping on qualified things. FREE No-Rush Delivery (common conveyance multi week subsequent to putting in a request). Note: You may get special kudos for choosing No-Rush Shipping. Credit will be consequently applied to your Amazon.com account once the primary bundle from a No-Rush Shipping-qualified request ships. You'll get an email when the credit is accessible. You may choose No-Rush Shipping the same number of times as it's offered to you, yet you won't be qualified for the credit in the event that you drop your No-Rush Shipping request or return things from it.Shipping Upgrades to speed up conveyance. Free Prime Instant Video access for paid or free preliminary individuals in the U.S. also, Puerto Rico. Note: Instant Video isn't accessible to clients accepting free Amazon Prime transportation benefits through Amazon Student, Amazon Mom, or as visitors of another membership.Kindle Owners' Lending Library access to individuals in the U.S. For more data, go to Kindle Owners' Lending Library. Note: Customers in a paid participation, free preliminary or getting a free month of Prime advantages with a Kindle Fire actuation are qualified. The Kindle gadget must be related with the Prime record that is qualified for the benefit.Early access for individuals in the U.S. to download another book for nothing consistently from the Kindle First picks. For more data, go to Kindle First.An evaluated 200 million fire tablets have been delivered worldwide since 2009 and another 1 billion are anticipated to send throughout the following five years. Market insight firm ABI Research gauges that 22% o f the U.S. tablet clients burn through $50 or more every month and 9% burn through $100 or more †a lot higher than the spending levels watched for cell phone clients. The developing prominence of Amazon’s Kindle Fire range could imply that a significant portion of this spending will be re-coordinated to Amazon’s online retail facades. Since Kindle gadgets are enhanced to run on Amazon’s administrations, we anticipate that them should drive more noteworthy selection of Amazon’s administrations. We accept that the substance business involving eBooks and film/music gushing will be the greatest gainer from the trend.In my conclusion he is insubordinately making the correct moves particularly in todays business world.

Healthcare policy Family planning

Question: Portray the noteworthiness of family arranging as a general wellbeing approach, hypothetical standards as for definition of arrangements, social determinants of family arranging, legitimate parts of family arranging in UK and ramifications of family anticipating the general wellbeing result. Answer: The center idea of general wellbeing approach can be clarified as a procedure that incorporate distinguishing proof of a specific general wellbeing related issue and planning of a general wellbeing strategy with accentuation on wellbeing arrangement examination, wellbeing arrangement making and its resulting execution. Being review or imminent in nature the assignment of approach investigation is seen as associated with recognizable proof, availability and duty of the related partners. Henceforth in understanding to the task prerequisite rules the issue of family arranging as been chosen as the fundamental plan as for a general wellbeing arrangement whereby the underlying fragment of this task will focus on the hypothetical standards in this regard (Orme, 2007). On the early on ground it is supported to make reference to that the issues especially ideological conviction and qualities, financial circumstance of the objective network, political security of the objective area are the key players as for advancement of a general wellbeing approach. Moreover it is additionally critical to feature that commitment of proof based research is of centrality significance in this regard. Anyway the issues related with partners of the strategy especially that are associated with the legal, beneficent and business associations likewise structure the key segments as for planning of a general wellbeing approach. The previously mentioned realities are valid for the general wellbeing strategy related with family arranging (Popejoy and Akukwe, 2013). The development of the idea of family arranging can be connected with the event of uncontrolled ripeness with a constantly expanding populace size at a worldwide scale. Henceforth family arranging can be clarified as some assistance to direct the people as far as having wanted number of youngsters. Family arranging being a noteworthy piece of the human services framework execution of general wellbeing approaches related with family arranging are exceptionally fundamental (U.K. Populace (2016) - Worldometers, 2016). Refering to the nation case of United Kingdom it is seen that because of the expanding pattern of populace general wellbeing arrangements are created in arrangement with family arranging. An understanding into the populace size of the United Kingdom information uncover that the absolute populace of the nation according to first January 2016 is 65039319 with an expansion of 0.56% contrasted with the populace size of the earlier year. Additionally the current populace of UK add to 0.88% of the complete total populace. It was additionally assessed that 81.5% of the all out populace of this nation are occupants of the urban areas (United Kingdom (UK) populace 2016 | Current populace of United Kingdom (UK), 2016). Focussing on the key focal points of family arranging the issues of successful anti-conception medication rate, improved soundness of the moms, disposal of ahead of schedule or late pregnancies and better strength of the youngsters can be underlined. The precarious increment in outer movement rates and high birth rate contrasted with death rate are considered as the causal factor behind the populace ascent of the United Kingdom. Thus from the previously mentioned information it is unmistakably comprehended that family arranging is the fundamental motivation for advancement of a general wellbeing approach so as to control the surpassing populace development of the Unite Kingdom.It is further critical to comprehend the insufficiency of general wellbeing arrangements don't satisfy the key necessities of controlling the populace size.These general wellbeing strategies make a general mindfulness inside the populace as for medicinal services issues.Teenage pregnancies are one of the key wo rried of general wellbeing approaches in this regard (Family Planning, 2007). Various models have been intended to structure and advancement of strategies. The incrementalist model which is an enlightening model can be refered to as one of the approach detailing model whereby just the progressions or modifications have least prospects are thought of. The utilization of the previously mentioned approach detailing model is obvious in the strategies that are structured with a reason to implant a change through a steady procedure and dynamic is one of the significant parts of this model. Then again the blended filtering model discovers its application in thought to all the accessible alternatives earlier focussing on a specific option(Fischer, Miller Sidney, 2007). The Hall Model, imagined in the year 1975 has been considered as one of the as often as possible actualized model for advancement of a social insurance strategy. As indicated by the standards of this refered to demonstrate the issues like authenticity, achievability and backing are viewed as significant . The lawful right of Government intercession feature the authenticity issue while the accessibility of the subjects, reserves and different assets are incorporated under the space of possibility. The Kingdon model considered in 1984 as opposed to Halls model has explained the significance of three streams to be specific issue stream, legislative issues stream and approach stream to build up a window of chances. Later in the year 1994 Walt and Gilson structured an approach triangle model whereby both strategy making and arrangement usage are commonly interlinked. In the year 1990 Thomas and Grindle imagined another arrangement plan model known as the intelligent model whereby exchanges are admissible in all the phases during the usage of this specific model (Fischer, Miller Sidney, 2007). Examining the issue of general wellbeing strategy it is fundamental to feature that the Hall Model of approach definition own a lot of sanity. This specific model has been viewed as powerful in light of the fact that the hypothetical standards of this model has all around praised with the hidden elements of family arranging. Anyway as family arranging is assume a crucial job on the social situation the intercession of government can be viewed as one of the need tending to this issue. Aside from this as the act of family arranging can be recognized as one of the potential focuses towards the populace the accessibility of mechanical assets the part of possibility can be considered as a significant viewpoint. . Last however not the least in understanding to the hypothetical standards of Halls model of strategy improvement it is legitimate to pass on that for the compelling usage of a family arranging related general wellbeing arrangement the help and investment of the basic open is requ ired. Consequently it very well may be properly expressed that the general wellbeing strategy tending to the issue of family arranging can be structured considering Halls Model as all the over three components are accessible in this regard (Buse, Mays Walt, 2005). Considering the social determinant of family arranging as a piece of general wellbeing approach the variables like lawful rules, human rights, training, standards of society, culture, religion and financial state of the general public can be thought of. Thus so as to keep up the operational viability of family arranging it is required to fuse instructive approaches. The accentuation towards giving sex instruction administrations, proof based sexual wellbeing data and guiding can be considered as viable apparatuses of family arranging. A noteworthy degree of uniqueness is clear in issues identified with the results of family arranging rehearses. The irreconcilable circumstance and absence of information in regards to the advantages and positive outcomes of family arranging practices can be brought into consideration (SathyanarayanaRaoet al., 2012). The intercession of different strict convictions is additionally clear in this specific circumstance. The case of convictions of Roman Catholics can be refered to in this regard as indicated by their convictions it is illegal o nature to rehearse premature birth and fake contraception (Religion as a Social Determinant of Public Health, 2016). One of the significant difficulties of family arranging administrations can be related with the openness issues of such assistance. It is obvious that nearness of shallow information in regards to family arranging administrations especially inside the number of inhabitants in lower social layers and the minority bunch are the major limits towards acknowledgment of family arranging rehearses. Anyway in this setting it is advocated to express that the neediness stricken fragment of the general public is basically denied from the entrance to the family arranging and contraception administrations. In addition the migrants populaces that involve a significant portion of the number of inhabitants in the United Kingdom likewise have constrained access the general wellbeing arrangement of family arranging. The significant hindrances in this regard are language and protection spread. Subsequently as indicated by the legitimate rules detailed under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportun ity Act of 1996 the disallowances have been suggested to constrain the entrance to the freely financed social insurance by the settlers during initial five years of their stay in the nation. Anyway under such a social situation the migrant populace is just permitted to acquire the office of Emergency Medicaid just for intense disease and obstetrical conveyances. Wellbeing disparity because of bigotry and ethnicity are additionally present as social hindrances to family arranging whereby the Black and the Hispanic ladies populace are influenced (Hall, Johnson and Dalton, 2013). Under the activities of the World Health Organization or WHO nations are adjusting to confirm based methodology of family arranging. The previously mentioned activity has been sought after by WHO in a joint effort with the United Nations Population Fund (UNPF), the International Planned Parenthood organization European Network, European Society

Status of ASEAN integration process Research Paper

Status of ASEAN coordination process - Research Paper Example Regardless of the development of ASEAN, its working standards and destinations stayed unaltered all through this time. ASEAN is viewed as an intergovernmental association where its remote clergyman is permitted to take choices based on unanimity and accord. It tends to be seen that the vital nearness of US in the examined locales can't ensure the security of States present in Southeast Asia, particularly in the regions of psychological warfare, schemes and non-customary dangers. The advancement of ASEAN might be moderate and slow yet it has reliably being showing a tough move from focusing on solidness and provincial harmony to a lot nearer financial incorporation. The vision of the ASEAN goes a long ways past the two pages of the Bangkok statement that was set in 1967. A definitive objective of the affirmation is to achieve a coordinated ASEAN people group that depends on basic local character. Keeping into thought the issues and downturns that influences an association, a few researchers contend that accomplishing fruitful mix is improbable for ASEAN. There are challenges and deterrents loaded on the course of combination, which should be cleared direly. Anyway over the most recent couple of decades, ASEAN has effectively accomplished in the regions of success, security and strength of the district. It has additionally effectively advanced monetary turn of events and local co-activity. It was for the sake of the ASEAN solidarity that Southeast Asia left it s financial competition a long ways behind. It has additionally taken a lead for making ASEAN provincial gathering, whose reason for existing is to connect all its Asian-Pacific neighbors just because, for directing conversations as organized exchanges on various Asian security issues (Guan). The 23rd ASEAN culmination was hung on 0ctober 9, 2013. The conversation in the Summit was held under the topic of â€Å"Our

Incremental Analysis Essay Example for Free

Steady Analysis Essay Steady in far reaching examinations both fill comparative needs in dynamic in the working environment. The contention is that steady is more efficient than and similarly as viable as complete investigations. Since both are utilized to settle on significant choices inside an organization, which one will fill the best need while as yet being reasonable and savvy to finish? Both will finish a similar errand, however one will improve and we will clarify why steady investigations are the better ones to utilize. Gradual Analysis Gradual investigation is significant and normalized way to deal with decide different business choices concerning cost and income. This apparatus is pivotal and efficient; it leads in a deliberate method to recognize the plausible impacts of choices on future income so as to settle on better choices concerning the productivity of the organization. The board uses gradual investigation to distinguish pertinent data identified with expenses and incomes related and affected by the choice; this data is additionally contrasted with settle on the most productive choice. Instances of choices best made through steady investigation incorporate †regardless of whether to acknowledge a request at extraordinary value, make-or-purchase, sell or procedure further, hold or supplant hardware, take out an unfruitful fragment choice and distribute constrained assets, and choices (Kimmel et.al, 2011). Extensive Analysis Exhaustive investigation is the budgetary term utilized for assessing each money related detail of the whole activity in an organization. The motivation behind directing far reaching investigation is to decide a company’s present money related situation just as its normal budgetary remaining later on. In directing extensive investigation, both present and recorded financial reports must be gathered to break down the status of the company’s ventures. These reports are additionally expected to figure the monetary proportions of various organizations. Deciding the money related proportions is the following stage when directing exhaustive investigation as these proportions will decide the company’s execution and its viability. The proportions will give a preview of the company’s in general monetary condition, qualities and shortcomings of its budgetary exercises which will support loan bosses and speculators decideâ whether organization merits putting resources into. Lastly, think about the company’s proportion, to the proportion of another association with comparative creation procedures to decide whether the organization will succeed or needs upgrade. Deviate/or Agree As per our examination we have gone to an understanding that Incremental Analysis is the best choice and center device that we have. The thinking is on the grounds that it uncovers quicker outcomes and cost less. Another two are when reports are appeared and examination are done it uncovers similar outcomes. It additionally center around a particular subject or theme. Gradual examination likewise pulls reports and assist the executives with settling on choices whether to acknowledge orders, to make an item or buy, sell and procedure items facilitates, or even the holding and substitution of gear that are utilized by the business. References JIm, B., Hughes, M.C. (2014, April). What is exhaustive investigation. Insightful Geek, (). Recovered from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-far reaching analysis.htm Virtual Advisors Inc. (2011) Analyzing your budgetary proportions recovered from http://www.bbt.com/bbtdotcom/business/private venture asset focus/growing-a-business/money related ratios.page

Knowing Your Audience When Choosing a Magazine Topic

Knowing Your Audience When Choosing a Magazine Topic There are as many magazines as there are special interests and nowhere is this more evident than the magazine racks of your local major bookseller. You can find magazines about gardens, magazines about guns, magazines about guns and gardens, and just about everything in between. So if youre a freelance writer, how do you get your foot in the door of an industry with such a wide variety of published topics and actually make good money at it?The answer is simple: find an audience you know well and write for them.Knowing your audience is one of the top qualifications for writing for a particular magazineâ€"right up there with being a decent writer. If you know the audience, everything concerning voice, tone and content will fall into place naturally for you.Below are the primary considerations you should make when choosing the audience for which you want to write, and the concepts you should keep in mind when choosing a topic, tone and writing style for that audience.DemographicsDemogra phics play a major role in many magazines success or failure. Without the right demographics in a publications readership, the magazine risks failure from the onset. Thats why marketers for the magazines advertising sales will be focusing on demographics before the magazines first issue even goes to print.Demographics concentrate on the age, location, marital status, income level, education level and even racial profile of the magazines readership. With ads targeting a particular demographic (for example, college-educated, professional, single African American women), the magazine can ensure that those ads reach the right audience through careful attention to content that will attract that demographics interest. Editors are less likely to accept content that might not appeal to the magazines readership for this reason aloneâ€"its truly all about money and it has to be. Without the ad sales to companies wishing to target a particular demographic, most magazines cant stay afloat finan cially. Its all a simple matter of numbers and audience appeal, regardless of how riveting your content might be.TrendsFocusing on trends within a particular demographic is a great way to determine the type of content the editor of a magazine would be most likely to accept and approve for publication. One easy way to do this is to find a magazine that contains ads and content focused on your own demographic, whatever that might be. No one is better aware of demographic trends than a person within that demographic, because you know what interests you and your friends. You know what your demographic is doing, talking about, tweeting about, posting about or passing time with on a day-to-day basis. That knowledge gives you the unique qualification of writing for your own demographic effortlessly.For this reason, many freelancers begin their search for publishing venues by querying the magazines they read, themselves. This puts you in a unique place of knowing the content and knowing the audience well, since you have been reading the magazine for some time and are familiar with the type of articles they tend to run.However, the downside to this is that focusing on a magazine with a large, established readership makes querying more difficult. Such magazine editors receive hundreds of queries per day and yours will inevitably end up at the bottom of a line of emails or a stack of mail that might not be answered quickly. A delay like that is enough to put the damper on any freelance writers dream of being published in a magazine, which brings us to the third point…Size mattersIf you take a moment to look at the magazines provided for free at local restaurants or grocery stores, youre likely to find a few upstart regional magazines that have a broader demographic readership base and are more willing to answer your query quickly. These smaller publications often pay freelancers a reasonable rate, although it might not be quite as high as the larger publications pay.If you are seeking a way to get published often and build a portfolio, however, the smaller publications are just the ticket. The editors running them are often more willing to hire local and a few feature assignments could easily turn into a steady gig writing a regular column or section for these types of magazines. The demographic focus is almost always broad (an audience within your region), so you already know what that audience wants to read.This should in no way keep you from querying the big guys. Youll still have the opportunity to focus on your dream of being published in a national or international publication, even if youre writing more for a small, regional one. In fact, if you go this route, youll have a lot more publishing credit under your belt when querying the larger magazines and a lot more experience with the process, allowing you to fine-tune your skills and eventually get published in the magazines you prefer.Grow with your audienceThe most significant factor you ll discover about choosing the right audience is that as a freelance writer, youll tend to grow with your audience if you focus on the right things. If there is a particular topic that your expertise particularly shines in, keep writing about that topic and submitting your writing to magazines, even the smaller, regional ones. If no magazine wants the article, start a blog and place those articles there, allowing it to be a sort of personal interest portfolio space for you that shows your most quality writing. Youll find that time spent writing those pieces is not wasted, regardless of where it is published, and you will start to gather a growing audience that is also interested in that niche topicâ€"even if its through a blog. This same audience will be anxious to read anything you write and isnt that the point of writing in the first place?

Is Smoking Tabacoo Really Addictive Essay - 1375 Words

Is Smoking Tabacoo Really Addictive? (Essay Sample) Content: Title: Is Smoking tobacco really addictive?College:Name:Lecturer:Course:Date of Submission:IntroductionThere are endless questions raised by individuals, groups and healthy organizations concerning cigars, cigarettes, spit, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarettes, tobacco products, quitting and addiction. Generally, the findings and recommendations given by researchers do not take people towards the same direction. While some people especially manufacturers praise these products, doctors and researchers strongly come out to fight against smoking and consumption of alcohol. It is through these contradictions that has lead to the birth of this paper. The term addictive means using a psychoactive substance repeatedly to an extent that it becomes hard to voluntarily stop using the substance. While many manufacturers seem to overlook the negative side of these drugs, researchers keep on warning people to cease smoking because of its severe effects. Surprisingly, smokers g ive these ideas and opinions a deaf hear. This paper deeply and bravely tackles the question, "Is smoking tobacco really addictive?" The paper explores the past studies and tries to support its opinion regarding the addictiveness of smoking tobacco. It explains why smoking tobacco is addictive and to some extent why it isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t based on opinions given by researchers. Towards its end, this piece gives a general overview and conclusion concerning addictiveness of tobacco.Several reports and published researches concerning tobacco in unit agree that tobacco is addictive. This opinion is grounded on the symptoms that befall tobacco users. Such symptoms include stereotypical usage patterns, endless usage despite its negative effects, relapsing and recurrent cravings are experienced as one tries to stop. Anybody whether a doctor or an ordinary person can easily observe this from friends who smoke. Its addictiveness is clear especially when touching on quitting smoking (Orleans , 1993). Researchers have sadly enough discovered that many people each year try to quit smoking tobacco but they fail. For instance, reports record a 78% of smokers who voluntarily wanted to quit smoking in 2013 in US. Successful quitters were found to be less than 8%. According to Orleans (1993) others had 2-3 attempts to personally and voluntarily cease but ended up continuing using the product.In addition, addiction power is clearly demonstrated where smokers undergo surgery but end up using the drug again despite restrictions from doctors. In 1995, a research was published indicating 40% of US citizens who underwent surgery for respiratory diseases such as cancer started using tobacco as soon as 6 months after the treatment process (Boyle, 2010). According to Boyle (2010), patients who resumed smoking immediately after surgery were interviewed and their responses recorded. Generally, they said they canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t undertake daily activities without tobacco. It means, smokin g tobacco has become a habit and therefore, stopping it is hard. Patients with several negative effects were taken through rehabilitation programs but ended up using tobacco after few months. From this scenario, the addictiveness of tobacco is authentic.Tobacco contains many chemicals, the main one is nicotine. Research carried out has shown that 1-2mg nicotine is present in one cigarette. When inhaling tobacco smoke, nicotine enters the brain through bloodstream. This is turn causes a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"kickà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ of the adrenal glands to produce epinephrine. This stimulates the smokerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s body thus causing an increment of heart rate, respiration and blood pressure. According to Glantz (1996), "nicotine is the key chemical compound that causes and sustains the powerful addicting effects of commercial tobacco products." Due to nicotine, smokers become addicted and they are forced to use tobacco regularly. It creates anxiety for a continuity smoking. Those who have alre ady been addicted to this drug experience craving, irritability, increased appetite, anxiety and cognitive deficit when they try to stop it (Glantz, 1996). Addictiveness has been found to be accelerated by incorporating substances ammonia compounds (quickens the speed at which nicotine is channeled to the brain) and adding sugar which make it easier and comfortable to use tobacco. In addition, research aimed at testing nicotine dependence was done and found that nicotine is present in tobacco in plenty (Boyle, 2010). This study contradicts what manufacturers say concerning tobacco effects. Tobacco chemical have greatly contributed to its addictiveness.Genetic influenceAnother research that gives value on the issue concerning the addictiveness of tobacco is genetic influence. According to US researchers and authors, those carrying genetic variant have high chances of becoming heavy smokers, dependent on nicotine and their chances of stopping the drug are minimal (Boyle, 2010). Lik ewise, people who were found with mutations in their genes were found less likely to heavily smoke. This means, smokers might have started smoking as a result of genetic influence. Doctors went ahead to study and investigate non-smokers; they found that they didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t have mutations on their genes. The evidence is clear, there is influence brought out by genes concerning whether to smoke or not. Again, parents who smoke tobacco have negative effects to their children. Their siblings are more vulnerable to smoking like parents. This paint addiction picture again.Difficulties faced when applying pharmacological treatments to stop smoking clearly show how tobacco is addictive. Agencies dealing with drug and food administration have recommended nicotine replacement treatments with a purpose of helping smokers cease smoking. According to Glantz (1996), powerful NRT products have been introduced today. They include; nicotine trans-dermal patch, inhalers, lozenges and nasal sp rays. These products relieve smokers from withdrawal symptoms such as cravings and headache. Doctors who combine these products with behavioral treatment skills are found to succeed most. Other medications specifically meant to release individuals from smoking habits are varenicline and Bupropion. Despite treatments, research shows not all smokers successfully quit smoking as a result of treatment. It shows how powerful and attractive nicotine is to users. Once an individual decides to smoke, withdrawing becomes so hard.Opposing opinionDespite many articles and researches warning people about addictiveness of tobacco, some researches oppose this opinion. They argue that no trial and evidence that show that nicotine is the major cause of dependence and other diseases. Carter (2012) goes ahead and describes what nicotine is likely to do. For him, nicotine acts as reinforcing and dependence-creating potential. These are their opinions; * That nicotine can be comfortably consumed f or many years without any negative effects. They gave an example of many people who have been smoking since they were young till now and no serious negative effects have been noted (Carter, 2012). * Experts say nicotine is not as harmful as it is being said. There is likelihood of exaggerations concerning its effects (it is 20 times less toxic than it was thought by other experts). * Clinical research was undertaken whereby 100 individuals were randomly selected. 50 were smokers wh...

Human Euthanasi An Ethical Dilemma - 1858 Words

Abstract The right to die act is referred to as physician-assisted suicide or human euthanasia. The concept allows a person to choose to end his or her own life with medication, prescribed by a physician. This act has recently been implemented into the State laws of Oregon, Washington, California, and most recently, Colorado. As a result, the topic of human euthanasia has increasingly become an ethical dilemma. Supporting and opposing arguments have been stated and continue to be analyzed without any resolution. The present paper is intended to give an overview of such arguments regarding human euthanasia, ethically and legally. In addition to the ethical dilemma, the importance of patient rights, advocacy, and sensitive nursing care is†¦show more content†¦Those who disagree with human euthanasia, argue that if one chooses the right to die with dignity, they will be displaced from civilized society (Math Chaturvedi, 2012). Contrary to this view, palliative care is an active, compas sionate, and creative option for caring for the dying (Math Chaturvedi, 2012). As a result of the recent 2016 election, Colorado has approved Proposition 106, the End of Life Options Act that has further brought light to the controversy. Interestingly, fifty-six percent of Colorado physicians and seventy percent of Colorado residents support the option (deathwithdignity.org). The decision to end life during a suffering illness has become more widely accepted for many reasons. For example, those who are suffering choose to end their own life so their family is not burdened. In addition, it is not uncommon for a person with a terminal illness to accept that they are dying, wishing to end their suffering along with spare their loved ones from having to suffer too. One may argue the right to life. By deciding to medically end their life provides a spiritual opportunity to donate their organs, hence, the right to life (Math Chaturvedi, 2012). In an article, one argument in favor of th e right to die states that physician-assisted suicide; for its purpose is human euthanasia and one must not be confused with the term â€Å"suicide.† Such terminology can mislead a person

Censorship As A Multi Million Dollar Market - 942 Words

American singer-songwriter and poet, Jim Morrison, once said whoever controls the media, controls the mind. With the power to dictate what information an individual is allowed and not allowed to access, comes also the power to mould a society to whatever belief system that is desired. Advertising which has a rich history that can be traced back to early cave paintings, is a medium for persuasion and is often used by businesses and organisations to promote their products and ideas. Advertising being a multi-million dollar market for promoting a wide array of ideas, however, does not have freedom in itself to promote all ideas. It is assumed that the guiding force behind a censorship act has the entire control to set what a society believes. Censorship which can be defined as the suppression of information, acts to protect, to promote and to prevent. Censorship can be and is applied to advertising. This, censorship in advertising, is determined by varied factors. Political agendas can be noted as one determining factor in censorship. Germany under Adolf Hitler s rule (1933–1945) is a reflection of such. Hitler wanted his people to believe that the Jewish people within the society were bad and promoted that Nazism was right. â€Å"The Nazis orchestrated a massive propaganda campaign to win the loyalty and cooperation of Germans† (Holocaust Encyclopedia). The article further posits that, Hitler’s trusted advisor, Dr Joseph Goebbels, was appointed the leader of the Ministry ofShow MoreRelatedCensorship of Media1064 Words   |  5 PagesSurprises of Censorship In today’s world of technology and high finance children learn and do different activities. Video games, television shows, and the internet all have effect on our society. These items take away from moral values, and it also undermines the instruction parents give to their children. We need a healthier world with fewer restrictions, and if negative commodities are prohibiting children from recreational play parents should be the regulators in what content their childrenRead MoreHow Do Wechat Affect Consumer Purchasing Behaviour On Beauty Products1100 Words   |  5 Pagessurpassed US to become the biggest e-commerce market in the world since 2013, (http://www.chinainternetwatch.com/16071/china-luxury-online-shoppers-2015/). Although the market growth rate is slower than before, the market size is forecasted to reach 1 trillion US dollar by 2018 or 2019. According to the report of CIW (2015) (http://www.chinainternetwatch.com/16071/china-luxury-online-shoppers-2015/), co smetics is the best selling products in China’s e-commerce market. In the age group of 30 – 39 years oldRead MoreTaking a Look at Virtual Currencies877 Words   |  4 Pagesinnovative design in the distribution of money throughout the world through the use of peer-to-peer transactions due to it being fraudulent and impossible to counterfeit. However, bitcoin holders are anonymous and could act in a similar way to black markets, their â€Å"bitwallet† is unregulated and untaxed. Using bitcoin as a currency also delves into the problem where users purchase illegal objects and substances anonymously. Bitcoin is essentially an electronic cash currency and is perceived as a greatRead MoreAnalysis Of David Harveys The Condition Of Postmodernism1300 Words   |  6 Pagesare rewarded for securing the system through transaction fees, and also through a predetermined subsidy, which is how Bitcoins are created. It must be made clear that Bitcoin does not exist in opposition to â€Å"banking†- it exists in opposition to free-market regulation and intervention. Thus, cryptocurrency is not a solution to neoliberal capitalism but a heterotopic symptom. The blockchain is a public record or ledger of transactions maintained by a dispersed and open-ended number of miners , whoRead MoreDecision Making at Google1645 Words   |  7 Pagespush Google to apply censorship technology on the company’s services operated through the Chinese domain in Beijing (google.cn), a polemic was created around the subject of Google’s decision to attend or not the governmental impositions, wh ich could be in conflict with the corporation’s mission and values as declared on the company’s website: â€Å"Organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible amp; useful† Information is not universally accessible when censorship policies are appliedRead MoreCase 5 Analysis – Google’s Country Experience: France, Germany, Japan1977 Words   |  8 PagesBackground Summary Founded on September 4, 1998 Google quickly revolutionized the search engine and the Internet alike. Within two years of starting operations Google had become the largest single search engine in the world and began to dominate the market. As the World Wide Web (web) grew in popularity and became more and more a part of everyone’s daily life, Google too grew in popularity â€Å"because it could provide simple, fast, and relevant search results† (Deresky, 2011). The differentiating factorRead MoreEnron Case Study4789 Words   |  20 Pagestesting, and moral judgment†. There are several symptoms of groupthink. The issues to be resolved for Enron are collective rationalization, stereotypes of out-group, illusion of invulnerability, deceit to increase shareholders’ investments and self-censorship. The causes of the case study are illusion of unanimity, self-appointed mindguards, complicated transactions, belief in inherent morality of the group and direct pr essure in dissenters. The solutions to the case study are challenge the normsRead More Silencing the Left in Modern America Essay4541 Words   |  19 Pagesstatement. Opposition came in many forms: on the Internet, on the radio waves, on television, from individuals, and from corporations. The size and nature of the hostility to the Dixie Chicks and other celebrities is unprecedented. The boycotts, censorship, and threats all point to an alarming new trend arising from the latest war in Iraq. During the 1950s, Americans held a deep-seated fear that all that they had fought for in World War II – namely, the freedom of the world from fascists – wasRead MoreCompany s Competitive Edge Of Global Markets1796 Words   |  8 Pagesteam has been tasked to come up with proposals for more efficient communications between the marketing teams located in California, Mexico, Malaysia and the new team in India. This is required to maintain the company’s competitive edge in global markets. Another challenge the company has been facing is with storing, organizing and retrieving information about customer feedback and learning new trends from customers themselves. The team has come up with two proposals. Proposal 1 is essentially anRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages GP NOTES 2010 (ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology

Inside Apple - 2193 Words

FINANCE IV INSIDE APPLE ESSAY Inside apple is a book where the author lets us discover the whole new strategic world of Apple directed first by Steve Jobs. It introduces the original way Apple manages its company. We learned that the business strategy model Apple is using is completely different from what we learned in school. We’ve always learned that a company has to have free flow information contrary to Apple that faces a large secretly managerial structure. By the time you finish reading the book, you will have a completely different idea of what you thought about apple, and you will probably be afraid of working for that firm. The author shares with us many interviews he has done to Apple employees and they help you discover how†¦show more content†¦One of the main ideologies the book explains about Steve Jobs is that he created something not with the thought of earning revenues, but to create history. I do not think I agree with that, because even though a business is created to cover soci ety’s needs, the main goal of a company or business is always to create revenues to its stakeholders. That is one Steve’s idea I would not follow if I had to make a decision within my company. I liked the idea of Steve Jobs repeating things to his employees because it transmits the exact idea he wants them to know. I believe it is a great way to have everything under your control. At Apple there’s never confusion â€Å"as to who is responsible for what† because the company owns a great information flow about the individual responsibilities. He does the same thing with his customers, taking an example from the book, in 2000, when he launched the new iPod, the person responsible to talk to media used to repeat many times â€Å"1,000 songs in your pocket, slogan used to promote the first generation of iPods large storage capacity and compact design. The company was known for always repeating what it is important, and in every interview they had, they always repeated the main idea they wanted the customer to know, in order for him not to be confused with many information flowing amongShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake, Born On November 28, 1757 In London, United1029 Words   |  5 Pagesincreases to the extent of it actually â€Å"bore[ing] an apple† (Blake). Blake was specific to choose an apple tree because the tree alludes to the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Bad in the Bible. Although, it isn’t specified that the tree is an apple tree, traditionally it is assumed that it is. In the Bible, the story of the forbidden apple relates to the reason why Blake uses this tree in his poem, because it was through the Devil that Adam and Eve ate the apple. When a person is angry they do not think rationallyRead MoreThe Health Benefits Of Apple Cider Vinegar866 Words   |  4 PagesThe Health Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar By Brian Grouzos | Submitted On October 14, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Brian Grouzos Apple cider vinegar (ACV) has been called aRead MoreThe Importance Of Fruits From Early Human Civilization Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pageswas from early human civilization. Apples, one of such fruits with varying benefits, can be made into cider, wine, pie, jelly, brandy or sundried so that the fruit does not decay because of overproduction. In year 2013, 80.8 million tonns of apple was produced worldwide, out of which china alone produced 49%. Apple is one of the easily preferable fruit, as it can be eaten straight away, unlike other fruits which needs to be peeled off. An old proverb â€Å"An apple a day keeps a doctor away† might alsoRead MoreWhat Makes Apple Spoilage? Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesApple spoilage From the very beginning, humans were hunters and gatherers. They survived by hunting animals and gathering fruits. Hence, the importance of fruits was from early human civilization. Apples, one of such fruits with varying benefits, can be made into cider, wine, pie, jelly, brandy or sun-dried so that the fruit does not decay because of overproduction. In year 2013, 80.8 million tonns of apple was produced worldwide, out of which china alone produced 49%. Apple is one of the easilyRead MorePaper II : Third Draft1653 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the oh-so-perfect-and-relaxing massage, you make your way to go apple picking with the family. Since your parents and Mark’s parents live within an hour of that house, y’all see each other often. This is great though cause everyone gets along. Apple picking is still one of your favorite actives, and getting to spend time with Mom and Dad makes it that much better. At the orchard, you find the most delicious looking apples. These a re the ones that the children picking and the deer cannot reachRead More Dust Tracks on a Road: An Autobiography by Zora Neale Hurston620 Words   |  3 Pagesand point of view jump from the page to give the reader a lucid and realistic view of life â€Å"down there† in the farm, sheltered from society to protect the plentiful love, food and company of the Hurston home, compared to â€Å"way up north† where â€Å"rare† apples are abundant and gardenias are sold for a dollar, but where reality is a universal cry for equality and justice. Hurston’s juxtaposition of these two environments compliments her parents’ idealistic differences when it comes to raising their childrenRead More Mending Wall Essay726 Words   |  3 PagesRobert Frost made us aware that something doesn’t love the wall in the beginning of the poem, the wall that symbolizes boundary and obstacle between people. Although this restrictive wall gives protection and a feeling o f safety for the people who are inside it, it also creates a huge barrier to the people who are on the outside. The only difference between a physical wall and an imaginary barrier is that a physical wall will eventually fall apart as time goes by, but the emotional one on the other handRead MoreThe Is An Ancient One, Dating Back Well Before The Time Of Christ1724 Words   |  7 Pagesgrafting are practiced, and the technique known as budding is widely used in the production of fruit trees, roses, and ornamental trees and shrubs. Without the practice of grafting many of the popular varieties we know today, such as the Delicious Apple or the Peace Rose, could not have been maintained. Wrong was the man who wrote in 1889: We doubt if there is a greater nuisance in the whole practice of gardening than the art of grafting. It is very clever, it is very interesting, but it will be noRead MoreAnger Portrayed By Poetry Essay836 Words   |  4 Pages Another device Blake uses is symbolism because he uses a growing poison apple tree to representing his growing anger. As Blake puts, â€Å"And I waterd it in fears, / Night and morning with my tears:† (5-6). He used this device to show how he makes his poison tree or his anger grow. This relates to the theme because as the speaker cares for and makes his tree grow his anger grows. When his foe takes a bite of it’s poison apple, the speaker finally snaps and the foe is killed as a result of his angerRead MoreAnalysis of Setting: the Scent of Apples by Bienvenido Santos1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe air within Celestina Fabia’s secluded home was perfumed with the foreign scent of apples. The immigrant had been living in Kalamazoo for more than 20 years when he met a speaker from his native land who had come to the US to lecture; he drove out to the city hear this man. The crowd’s questions during the open forum centered on Fabia’s home country. To this Fabia stands and asks if the women now were the same 20 years ago and the lecturer responds that they were. Thereafter Fabia invites the

Should the Minimum Drinking Age Be Lowered - 1128 Words

Tayrin O’Rand 14 March 2012 Should the Minimum Drinking Age be Lowered? The minimum drinking age became a hot topic ever since it was set to twenty one years old. It is a law not everyone welcomes with open arms, one that has the most impact in the lives of adolescents and if violated, one that can put a state at risk of forfeiting ten percent of its annual federal highway appropriation. John M. McCardell Jr., president of Middlebury College; founder and president of Choose Responsibility, a non-profit organization, clearly states his desire for the National Minimum Drinking Age Act to be lowered to avoid binge drinking. On the other hand, Melanie Fonder and Misty Moise, among others, clearly express the benefits of this law and the†¦show more content†¦University of Miami President and former U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala, believes maintaining the legal drinking age at 21 is a sound policy as it protects underage students from easily accessing alcoholic beverages and losing them due to its effect (2). Ronald M. Davis, Immediate Past President of the AMA points out the important development that takes place in the brain during the â€Å"teen years† and how unreasonable those requesting to lower the minimum drinking age are by putting such high expectations on those who cannot humanly possibly think as a mature adult at an early age. â€Å"Habits are often created at an early age† and allowing access to alcohol while maturity is often absent is an irresponsible decision. Changes are taking place to prevent and minimize binge drinking. Colleges, Mothers Against Drunk Driving program, community and even parents are now realizing how crucial their involvement is in order to improve the situation. Law enforcement has also stepped up their game by ensuring local establishments, especially those around college campuses and high schools, abide by the rules, and punishing those adults who are willing to break them. They constantly patrol areas known to be used for â€Å"breaking the law† to create a safer environment for those around (4). Dean-MooneyShow MoreRelatedShould The Minimum Drinking Age Be Lowered?1138 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion whether drinking should be lowered to eighteen or not? Citizens have gave details regarding the affirmative and negative views of the minimum drinking age be lowered to eighteen. Do you think that it is wise to lower the minimum age? Would you look at the negative and positive impacts? Is it more important to give our citizens these full rights? Currently, in the United States the legal drinking age is twenty-one. But as we all know many teenages are involved in underage drinking. But the mainRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered733 Words   |  3 PagesMinimum Legal Drinking Age Should be Lowered â€Å"Adults under 21 are deemed capable of voting, signing contracts, serving on juries and enlisting in the military, but are told they are not mature enough to have a beer.† (Amethyst Initiative: Rethink the Drinking Age). The causes behind the minimum legal drinking age standardization nationally has not been alleviated in the past couple decades and should be repealed. The minimum legal drinking age should be lowered to the age of eighteen whichRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1253 Words   |  6 Pages Minimum Legal Drinking Age Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age? Ever since the end of prohibition in 1933 the United States government has placed the issue of minimum legal drinking age sensitively in the hands of the states, letting each decide for itself what the minimum age should be. At that time all agreed that the minimum legal drinking age should be 21, where it remained for all statesRead MoreControversial Analysis: Drinking Age1278 Words   |  6 PagesCarolina Quiroga April 02, 2012 Leslie Jones English 102 The Drinking Age and Young Adults. Because underage drinking is a major problem for young adults, the drinking age has become a very controversial issue. In the 1990s, the drinking age was 18, but it was changed to 21 in 1984. The Federal Government informed states to choose between raising the drinking age to 21 or foregoing highway funding. This decision obviously affected 18 to 20 year olds who could no longer buy alcoholic beveragesRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age ( Tietjen )1700 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum Legal Drinking Age On July 17 of 1984 President Ronald Reagan signed to make the National Minimum Drinking Age Act a law. This law required all states to have a minimum drinking age of 21, if a state did not comply with this law they could face up to a 10% cut in funding for their federal highways (Tietjen). Since this act became a law there has been two distinct sides arguing whether they agree with the minimum drinking age, or whether they disagree. One side believes having a minimum drinkingRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthe National Minimum Drinking Age Act made all 50 states raise the legal drinking age to 21(Dejong). The debate is on whether the age should be lowered or not. Statistically, having the age at 21 has been very helpful in keeping the nation safe. If there is not an issue with age now, would it make sense to lower the age and create unnecessary problems? In this case, the negative effects outweigh the positive. Simply because there is no good in lower ing the age. The legal drinking age has been setRead MoreLowering The Minimum Drinking Age1380 Words   |  6 PagesOnce a person reaches the age of 18, they are allowed to tattoo their bodies, smoke tobacco, gamble and even enlist if they wanted to! As an adult, they want to be treated as one but how can they feel like an adult if hanging around with their friends and drinking beer while watching TV is illegal? Of course, that does not stop them, though. The United States is one of the few countries in which still have such a high minimum drinking age. Although most people think young adults (18-year olds) areRead MoreThe Problems of Underage Drinking Essay526 Words   |  3 Pagescontroversy of underage drinking has been a serious and difficult issue for many colleges, communities, and parents over the past several years. Fifty states in the U.S have already set their minimum alcohol drinking and purchasing age to twenty one. Yet many people, especially teenagers, oppose this le gal drinking age and want it to be lowered. Nevertheless, the legal drinking age should not be lowered from twenty one to eighteen because of three main reasons. The higher minimum drinking age can help reduceRead More The Drinking Age Should NOT Be Lowered Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesto lowering the minimum legal drinking age. Choose Responsibility, a group founded by John McCardell, proposes that upon completion of a 40 hour course to educate young people about alcohol, 18, 19, and 20 year old people should be licensed to drink. The Amethyst Initiative, part of Choose Responsibility, is a petition to Congress to rethink the minimum legal drinking age. Several college leaders have signed this petition in the belief that lowering the minimum legal drinking age will reduce bingeRead MoreAccording To â€Å"College Drinking,† Almost Two Out Of Three1388 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to â€Å"College Drinking,† almost two out of three college students engage in bing e drinking. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL or higher (â€Å"College Drinking†). Many parents, guardians, and psychologists believe that college students binge drink because they think drinking is an integral part of their higher education. Similar to peer pressure, college students drink because the rest of the student body drinks. Furthermore

To Kill a Mockingbird Innocence Free Essays

A songbird’s melody can evoke happiness in anyone, as can the smiling face of a child. The mockingbird sings for the sake of singing, and an innocent child possesses an inborn joyfulness, as natural as instinct. Yet a mockingbird’s song dies as easily as the innocence of a child. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird: Innocence or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout and Jem are portrayed as innocents, uncorrupted by our world of prejudice and racism. Their world is simple, sensible, a child’s world. However, three years in the life of 8-year-old Scout Finch, her brother, Jem, and their father, Atticus, are consumed by the arrest and eventual trial of a young black man accused of raping a white woman. By the end of the novel, their world has expanded to enclose the irrational nature of humans. Jem and Scout’s growing up is portrayed by a series of events that shatters their innocence as easily as a mockingbird can be silenced. Lee uses a combination of insignificant and profound events: the trial of Tom Robinson, Walter Cunningham, and their relationship with Boo Radley to develop and display the children’s growth in maturity. One of the first cracks in Scout’s armour of naivete occurs due to the fact that she speaks her mind. On Scout’s first day of school Scout tries to explain to her teacher that she is embarrassing Walter Cunningham by offering him something that he will not be able to pay back. Scout realizes that because her teacher is not a local, she will not know that about the Cunningham’s, but Scout’s explanation gets her into trouble. When Scout explains â€Å"Walter’s one of the Cunningham’s,† (26), she was not trying to be insulting, but Miss Caroline mistakes her frank and innocent explanation as arrogance or rudeness and punishes her for it. Scout’s perception of the world and her classmates is not yet marred by the social divisions that adults see. When Scout has Walter over for a meal Scout really does insult Walter this time as she questions the way he eats by saying â€Å"But he’s gone and drowned his dinner in syrup† (32) and makes him feel self-conscious. She is not doing it intentionally, she is just curious because she has never seen people who eat that way. She is too young to understand the social graces of Southern hospitality that dictate that you are always to make people feel at home and welcome no matter how unusual their habits may be. Scout and Jem are surrounded by racism and prejudice as children, but until they mature , they do not see it for what it is, until something enormously, obviously wrong occurs close to home. At first Scout does not understand what is wrong and keeps asking Jem questions about what is happening. While Atticus is asking questions directed to Mayella, â€Å"Slowly but surely [she] could see the pattern of Atticus’ questions† (244). Although this shows that Scout’s understanding about her father has improved, she is still oblivious to the deeper meaning of the trial. While Jem is explaining to Dill, Scout â€Å"supposes† it is â€Å"the finer points of the trial† (252). With Jem being able to do this, this proves that Jem has matured greatly since the beginning. But what surprised Scout and blew Jem away was the obvious unfairness of the verdict. When Jem states â€Å"You just can’t convict a man on evidence like that,† proves that Jem realizes the injustice that Tom Robinson faced (295). Atticus has shielded Scout and her brother from any outward prejudice against blacks. However, even he could not keep out the thought that coloured were not quite the same. Racism has been so deeply ingrained that Scout didn’t realize its intensity and results until that tragedy opened her eyes. As a result, racism and its effects entered the ever-expanding world of the Finch children. Because of the perspective of childhood innocence, Boo Radley is given no identity apart from the youthful superstitions that surround him, and it is these superstitions that leave Jem and Scout oblivious to the fact that Boo just wants to protect them. Scout at first describes Boo as a â€Å"malevolent phantom,† (10) while Jem illustrates him as a â€Å"six-and-a-half feet tall† man that â€Å"dined on raw squirrels and any cats he could catch† (16). With these expressions they demonstrated how innocent the children are. After the children have found gifts inside a knot hole in a tree, their father finds out about their â€Å"game†. When Atticus witnesses his children leaving a note in the hole, he believes his children are causing harm so he tells them to â€Å"stop tormenting the man† (65). When Atticus says, â€Å"You just told me,† Jem did not realize that without actually saying that they were playing the Boo Radley game he still admitted to his father that that is what they were doing. Originally portrayed as a freak and a lunatic, Boo Radley continues to gain the sympathy of the children. When Nathan Radley closes the hole, Scout sees it as no more gifts, but Jem takes it more to heart. Nathan Radley claims that the â€Å"tree’s dying† (83) so Jem asks his father where he says that the tree is fine. When Jem realizes that Nathan had just cut off their connection, he was â€Å"crying,† (84). It is when Scout and Jem need saving that Scout understands that Boo was just merely looking out for them. While saying â€Å"Hey Boo† in person, this shows how mature Scout has gotten during the three years (362). Scout losses her innocence when she realizes that Boo Radley has given so much to them- gifts in the tree, a warm blanket on a cold night, folded up pants on a fence and their LIVES, but they have never repaid him. As if they were the harmless songbirds, the children’s innocence is shattered by these events. Through their interactions with Walter, Tom’s trial and Boo Radley social prejudice, racism, mobs, and â€Å"social exceptions† are now a part of their world. The naivete and purity have been replaced by the knowledge of human nature and the corruption of our world. The world is no longer simple, and the mockingbird is dead. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird: Innocence, Papers

Long Term Goals free essay sample

Long term goals Goals are as essential to success as air is to life. One of my favorite sayings, Its ironic that would be my favorite saying since Ive always been a planner. I always had a plan. Planning for our futures is very important even if those plans may change. One way in which we plan for the future is by setting goals. defines a goal as the end toward which effort is directed. Part of the career planning process involves setting goals. These goals, both long and short term, will be used to develop a career action plan. The career action plan describes steps you will take to reach your goals. goal is usually a particular career objective. It can be a particular occupation, a rung on the career ladder, or an earnings level. Goals may be either short or long term. Long term goals can take about three to five years to achieve, while short term goals are reachable in one to three years. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Term Goals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Short term goals are often a stop along the way to our long term goals. You decide what you want to do and then figure out what you need to do to achieve your goal. Then you get into more complicated goals your plans for the future. Its achieving those goals that isnt so easy. Of course the actions you take to try to accomplish your goals will play a huge role in whether you reach them. But, the way you formulate your goals is extremely important too. I believe by achieving my B. com degree at osmania University, combined with the foundation built during my MBA . I will have the necessary academic tools to excel in the field of finance and emerging financial arenas. To achieve my goals, including my goal of becoming a financial academe, I plan to concentrate my studies heavily on continuous education in the field of finance. Strengths that will assist me in doing this and achieving my goal of research include my knowledge of higher mathematics and business statistics, and a high degree of knowledge in the fields of finance, accounting and risk management. Other tools that will assist me in realizing my goals include courses I have taken for my MBA, including statistics, business strategy and macro/micro economics.

Theory Nike free essay sample

Moreover , decentralization is a matter of degree, since all organizations are decentralized to some extent out of necessity. At one extreme, a strongly decentralized organization is one in which even the lowest-level managers and employees are empowered to make decisions. At the other extreme, in a strongly decentralized organization, lower-level managers have little freedom to make decisions. On the other hand, in a centralized organization, the decisions are made by top executives or on the basis of pre-set policies. These decisions or policies are then enforced through several tiers of the organization after gradually broadening the span of control until it reaches the bottom tier. Centralization is said to be a process where the concentration of decision making is in a few hands. All the important decision and actions at the lower level, all subjects and actions at the lower level are subject to the approval of top management. According to John R. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory Nike or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Schermerhorn(2002) , â€Å"Centralization† is the systematic and consistent reservation of authority at central points in the organization.The difference between a centralized and a decentralized system of organization is that in a centralized structure all the decision making and authority are focused on the top tier of management. These few people are the ones that dictate company policy and make all the crucial decisions. A decentralized system, on the other hand, delegates authority throughout the organization and to all levels of management. Advantages of centralization include an organization’s ability to be able to keep a tight grip on all aspects of the business.

Hacienda Tabi - Plantation Archaeology Mexico

Hacienda Tabi - Plantation Archaeology Mexico Hacienda Tabi is a landed estate of colonial origin, located in the Puuc region of the Yucatn Peninsula of Mexico, about 80 kilometers (50 miles) south of Merida, and 20 km (12.5 mi) east of Kabah. Established as a cattle ranch by 1733, it evolved into a sugar plantation that encompassed more than 35,000 acres by the end of the 19th century. Approximately one-tenth of the old plantation now lies within a state-owned ecological reserve. Hacienda Tabi was one of several plantations that were owned by descendants of early Spanish colonists, and, like plantations of the same period in the United States, survived on the basis of near-slavery of native and immigrant laborers. Originally established in the early 18th century as a cattle station or estancia, by 1784 the propertys production had diversified enough to be deemed a hacienda. Production on the hacienda eventually included a sugar mill in a distillery for producing rum, farm fields for cotton, sugar, henequen, tobacco, maize, and domesticated pigs, cattle, chickens, and turkeys; all of this continued until the Mexican Revolution of 1914–15 abruptly ended the peonage system in Yucatn. Timeline of Hacienda Tabi 1500s - much of the Puuc region is part of the Xiu Maya dynasty1531 - Spanish military forces marched into the Yucatn1542 - city of Merida founded by Francisco de Montejo1547 - first Spanish mission founded at Oxkutzcab1550s - encomienda system established in the Puuc1698 - Juan del Castillo y Arrue petitions for a land grant named Tavi to be used as an encomienda1733 - Tabi established as the name of the parcel in the Santa Elena Valley1784 - Tabi designated a hacienda; its owner is Bernadino Del Castillo1815 - Tabi purchased by Francisco Calero y Calero; a land survey commissioned1821 - Mexico achieves independence from Spain1820s - first state laws supporting peonage (debt slavery) system1847 - Caste War (Resistance movement between Maya and Spanish descendants) breaks out1855 - Tabi bought by Felipe Peon1876 - 1911, Porfirio Diaz rules Mexico1880s - narrow gauge rail established in the Yucatn1890s - industrial sugar mill at Tabi1893 - Tabi bought by Eulogio Duarte Troncoso; exten sive renovation of principal buildings undertaken 1900 - Tabi encompasses 35,000 acres and 851 resident laborers1908 - Journalist John Kenneth Turner publishes articles describing slavery on haciendas in Yucatn.1913 - Tabi owned by Eduardo Bolio Rendon Maldonado1914 - Mexican revolution reaches Yucatn, peonage system abolished1915 - Hacienda Tabis village for laborers abandoned The center of the plantation included an area of approximately 300 x 375 m (1000x1200 ft) within a thick wall enclosure of limestone masonry, measuring 2 m (6 ft) high. Three main gates controlled access to the great yard or patio principal, and the largest and main entry frames the sanctuary, which held room for 500 persons. The major architecture within the enclosure included a large two-story plantation house or palacio, consisting of 24 rooms and 22,000 ft ² (~2000 m ²). The house, recently refurbished with long-range plans for the development of a museum, boasts classic architecture, including a double colonnade on the south face and neoclassical pediments on the upper and lower levels. Also within the enclosure was a sugar mill with three chimney stacks, livestock stables, and a sanctuary based on colonial Franciscan monastery architecture. A handful of traditional Maya residences are also located within the enclosure wall apparently reserved for upper-level servants. two small rooms in the lower West and the plantation house were set aside for jailing peasants who disobeyed orders. A small external structure, called the burro building, was, according to oral tradition, used for public punishment. Life as a Laborer Outside the walls was a small village where as many as 700 laborers (peons) lived. Laborers lived in traditional Maya houses consisting of one-room elliptical structures made of masonry, rubble stone, and/or perishable materials. The houses were placed in a regular grid pattern with six or seven houses sharing a residential block, and blocks aligned along straight streets and avenues. The interiors of each of the houses were split into two halves by a mat or screen. One-half was the cooking area including a hearth kitchen and foodstuffs in the second half with the storage bathing area where clothing, machetes, and other personal goods were kept. Hanging from the rafters were hammocks, used for sleeping. Archaeological investigations identified a definite class division within the community outside of the walls. Some of the workers lived in masonry houses that appear to have had preferential placement within the village settlement. These laborers had access to better grades of meat, as well as imported and exotic dry goods. Excavations of a small house inside the enclosure indicated similar access to luxury goods, albeit clearly still occupied by a servant and his family. Historical documentation indicates that life on the plantation for the workers was one of ongoing indebtedness, built into the system, essentially making slaves of the workers. Hacienda Tabi and Archaeology Hacienda Tabi was investigated between 1996 and 2010, under the auspices of the Yucatn Cultural Foundation, the State of Yucatns Secretary of Ecology, and Mexicos National Institute of Anthropology and History. The first four years of the archaeological project were directed by David Carlson of Texas AM University and his graduate students, Allan Meyers and Sam R. Sweitz. The last eleven years of field investigation and excavation were conducted under the direction of Meyers, now at Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Florida. Sources Thanks are due to excavator Allan Meyers, author of Outside the Hacienda Walls: The Archaeology of Plantation Peonage in 19th Century Yucatn, for his assistance with this article, and the accompanying photo. Alston LJ, Mattiace S, and Nonnenmacher T. 2009. Coercion, Culture, and Contracts: Labor and Debt on Henequen Haciendas in Yucatn, Mexico, 1870–1915. The Journal of Economic History 69(01):104-137.Juli H. 2003. Perspectives on Mexican hacienda archaeology. The SAA Archaeological Record 3(4):23-24, 44.Meyers AD. 2012. Outside the Hacienda Walls: The Archaeology of Plantation Peonage in 19th Century Yucatn. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. see the reviewMeyers AD. 2005. Lost hacienda: Scholars reconstruct the lives of laborers on a Yucatn plantation. Archaeology 58(One):42-45.Meyers AD. 2005. Material expressions of social inequality at a porfirian sugar hacienda in Yucatn, Mexico. Historical Archaeology 39(4):112-137.Meyers AD. 2005. The challenge and promise of hacienda archaeology in Yucatan. The SAA Archaeological Record 4(1):20-23.Meyers AD, and Carlson DL. 2002. Peonage, power relations, and the built environment at Hacienda Tabi, Yucatn, Mexico. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 6(4):371-388. Meyers AD, Harvey AS, and Levithol SA. 2008. House lot refuse disposal and geochemistry at a late 19th-century Hacienda village in Yucatn, Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 33(4):371-388.Palka J. 2009. Historical Archaeology of Indigenous Culture Change in Mesoamerica. Journal of Archaeological Research 17(4):297-346.Sweitz SR. 2005. On the periphery of the periphery: household archaeology at Hacienda Tabi, Yucatn, Mexico. College Station: Texas AM.Sweitz SR. 2012. On the Periphery of the Periphery: Household Archaeology at Hacienda San Juan Bautista Tabi, Yucatn, Mexico. New York: Springer.

RANDOMNESS

RANDOMNESS Nathan Bransford wrote recently about the randomness of bestsellers. In other words, there isnt some magical power that preordains the qualities of a story that breaks records and defies the odds. Sometimes a perfect storm just comes together. Like the mega waves he describes at sea, the ones that appear from nowhere and make a huge impression in that vast, monstrous water, they just happen and cant be fore casted. http://blog.nathanbransford.com/2012/06/randomness-of-bestsellers.html And yet, we keep trying to understand the process. Whats worse,in my opinion, and this is a BIG gripe with me, is that we also bash traditional publishers for producing books that do not do well. Thats talking out of both sides of our mouths. We try to think we can duplicate bestseller status, and really learn how to define the path to such a level, as if there was a manual somewhere. That logic should also mean that if we can predict great books, then we know enough to avoid a bad one. The deal is, people, is that we can only write our best.Publishers can only attempt to predict what will sell. eaders can only pretend to recognize a debut book as a bestseller. The fact is that nobody has mastered how to make a bestseller. There is no HOW TO WRITE A BESTSELLER FOR DUMMIES. Just spoke to someone this week who justified self-publishing Hes only trying to assuage his own conscience, the one thats attempting to rationalize into a hazy reality that he probably has no chance with traditional publishing. So he says theyve lost touch, can no longer produce quality material, thus leaving him no choice but to proceed with self-publishing since it has equal credibility. This is my reality . . . and my explanation of publishing: The more seasoned, experienced people who lay their eyes and hands on your manuscript, the better the book. Note, I did not say traditional or self-published. Multiple layers of review and decision making goes into traditional publishing. If you self-publish, make sure you put the same degree of attention into your manuscript as a traditional publishing house would put into it. Hire editors. Hire a cover designer. Hire a for matter. That is, unless you are experienced yourself. That doesnt mean read instructions and learn as you go. Sure, you CAN learn as you go, but do not go it alone. Youll never see the landmines, no matter how many blog posts you read about the business. This business isnt about randomness. Its about diligence and focus to detail. Nothing is fool-proof. Failure exists. Less than satisfactory happens. But your odds improve the more experience you put into your books development, writing,and promotion. Instead of trying to orchestrate a bestseller, just write your best. Then recognize what you should and should not do. Be daring in your writing. Be grounded in your publishing, no matter which route you take.

Diabetes Melllitus Type II Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diabetes Melllitus Type II - Research Paper Example The Indian physician Sushruta in 400 B.C. described the sweet taste of urine from individuals affected with a disease called ‘sugar’. Around 250 B.C., the name â€Å"diabetes† was first used, meaning in Greek â€Å"to siphon†, reflecting the marked polyuria and loss of water in diabetes. The complete term â€Å"diabetes mellitus† was coined in 1674 by Thomas Willis, personal physician to King Charles II. Gradually the latin word for honey, â€Å"mellitus† was added due to its link with sweet urine (Settley, 1996). Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous clinical disorder with two major classifications: primary and secondary. Secondary diabetes is a condition when hyperglycemia (diabetes) is due to the complications of another disease. As per the latest recommendations of American Diabetes Association (2010) diabetes should be classified into four classes viz. I. Type 1 diabetes: Previously known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), since the patients require exogenous insulin for survival. Type I diabetes involves ÃŽ ²-cell destruction leading to absolute deficiency of insulin. According to ADA (2010), Type 1 diabetes could be described under two sub-headings – a) Immune-mediated - where the autoantibodies against ÃŽ ²-cells of pancreas destroy the islets of langerhans, b) Idiopathic diabetes – with no known cause of diabetes mostly seen in people of African or Asian ancestry. II. Type 2 diabetes: It represents 90-95% of all diabetes cases and presents with peripheral resistance to the effects of insulin or a defect in insulin processing/secretion. The disorder is also known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), because insulin is not required for treatment in most of cases. It manifests at a later age (>40 years) that acquires it the third name -- late or ‘adult-onset diabetes’ and has a slow and silent onset. NIDDM is more commonly found in obese (particularly trunkal obesity) individuals and is

Junction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Junction - Essay Example We focused on the roundabout junction in our project because it is easy to understand compared to the traffic and T-junctions (Thomas, 2007). For instance, the roundabout junctions allow for slow movement of traffic, which facilitates the visual engagement of the pedestrians. On the other hand, the movement of traffic on the traffic and T- junctions is too fast that the pedestrians cannot comprehend the movements and respective directions. The other aspect that characterizes the simplicity of the roundabout over the traffic and T-junctions is attributed to the ability to allow the U-turn within a normal traffic flow. The other forms of junctions do not allow this kind of turns, which are fundamental for any driver. The choice of the roundabout is beneficial because it provides in-depth information on the required guidelines to be observed before making the U-turns (Thomas, 2007). In conclusion, this study considered the roundabout over the traffic and T-junctions because the modern are a common phenomenon across the world, particularly in Belgium, china, Iceland, Qatar, Israel, Ireland, Costa Rica, Australia, Morocco among many other nations. This provides immense supporting evidence to our

Von Economo Neurons and Self-Awareness

Von Economo Neurons and Self-Awareness Joshua McCosker Von Economo neurons (VENs) are large bipolar neurons found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), frontoinsular cortex (FI) and dorsolateral prefrontal area (DLPA) in the brains of humans, and to a lesser extent, the great apes, several cetaceans and elephants. It is believed that they arose independently within these species due to evolutionary pressure that required the rapid transmission and cognitive processing of social information in animals with large highly convoluted brains and complex social behaviours (Hakeem et al., 2009). Research has suggestedsuggests that the evolution of these neurons underlie the emergence of intuition, higher emotional cognitive functions and self-referential processes. This suggests an intriguing connection with the subjective conscious experience and self-conscious awareness (Critchley Seth, 2012). To investigate this connection between VENs and self-awareness it is necessary to examine the known behavioural functions of the ACC and FI, along w ith the evolution of these structures and the integration with this novel class of neuron. Furthermore, the higher social functions attributed to VENs and how these are related to awareness of consciousness self will be discussed in light of research that shows a correlation between the degeneration of VENs in several neuro-psychiatric disorders that leads to devastating deficits in conscious awareness and social skills (Butti, Santos, Uppal, Hof, 2013). The ACC and FI are found in the paralimbic cortex (also known as mesocortex) of the mammalian brain and represents a relatively ancient region that has recently gone through a period of evolutionary adaptive changes in humans and is directly connected to limbic structures while providing a transition to higher neocortical regions (Brà ¼ne et al., 2010; William W. Seeley et al., 2006). These paralimbic structures show increased connectivity with the hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex and septum; the septum is involved in social memory and the development of trust in humans (Allman, Tetreault, Hakeem, Park, 2011). It is hypothesised that this enhanced connectivity is mediated by VENs that project from the FI and ACC to these structures providing functional integration with of somatosensory input and higher cognitive emotional processes leading to the emergence of intuition, social and self-awareness and the ability to empathise (Allman, Tetreault, Hakeem, Manaye, et al., 201 1; Allman, Tetreault, Hakeem, Park, 2011). AIC as the input sensory region and ACC as the output control region (Craig, 2009; W. W. Seeley et al., 2007). The evolutionary expansion of the cerebral cortex gave rise to the neocortex in mammals leading to a volumetric increase in humans of several-hundred times over that of lower primates (Nimchinsky et al., 1999). However, the types of neurons found within the brain have remained relatively constant (Nimchinsky et al., 1999; William W. Seeley et al., 2006). In 1926 Constantin Von Economo first described the cortical distribution and morphology of a novel class of neuron as being spindle like in form and of unusual length (Butti et al., 2013).. Von Economo neurons are large bipolar projection neurons that are relatively recent on the evolutionary path (Allman, Watson, Tetreault, Hakeem, 2005). They have large axons that bidirectionally connect the ACC to the FI and in turn to other structures of the brain between the limbic cortex and neocortex; suggesting a role in the rapid transmission of sensory information between these structures. Although VENs have been found in the FI and ACC of species other than great apes and homonids the cells are not found in the concentrated clusters that have been described in higher primates (Bauernfeind et al., 2013). It is interesting to note that volumetric studies have shown that the evolutionary expansion in size of the FI in primates is disproportionately greater to overall brain expansion by 36% and the total volume of the FI is about 4 times larger in humans compared to that of the chimpanzee (Bauernfeind et al., 2013). Furthermore, it is known that the vast majority of VENs develop during the first 8 months of life (Allman et al., 2010) . and this coincides with the emergence of stranger anxiety, separation anxiety and increased verbal skills (Hoffnung et al., 2013). These studies support the suggestion that the FI and ACC are intricately involved in enhancing social behaviours through the utilization of subjective emotional states in applying empathy toward others. ReseachResearch hasis showning a relationship between complex social and emotional processes and the advanced cognitive abilities that underlie the ability of self-recognition (Hunter, 2010). The mirror self-recognition test is used to assess self-awareness in animals and was developed by Gordon G. Gallup (1970) during his work with chimpanzees and self-recognition. In humans the ability to recognise the ‘self’ in a mirror image develops between the ages of 18 and 24 months and this coincides with the development of other indicators of social and self-awareness such as the ability to empathise (Hunter, 2010). As previously mentioned there is a rapid development of VENs during the first year of life and this development continues to age 4 when VEN numbers align to those of adult (Allman et al., 2010). The hypothesised role of VENs in higher cognitive functions and self-conscious awareness is supported by research that has shown the involvement of VENs in the pathogenesis of a number of neuropsychiatric and behavioural conditions that are characterised by deficits in emotional and social functioning, the ability to empathise, impairment of affective language and alterations in conscious awareness (Kaufman et al., 2008). Stereological research suggests that these conditions may be due to the failure of VENs to develop normally or the degeneration of these cells within the ACC and FI (Allman et al., 2005; Butti et al., 2013). This is evident in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) where patients present with a severe reduction in social judgement, empathy and the ability to self-monitor leading to sociopathic behaviour (William W. Seeley et al., 2006). In a study conducted by William W. Seeley et al. (2006) it was shown that FTD is characterised by early injury to the ACC and FI involving e arly, severe and selective VENs loss of 74% compared to controls. Similarly, patients with early onset schizophrenia are characterised by a reduced volume of the ACC showing a significant reduction in the density of VENs (Allman et al., 2010; Brà ¼ne et al., 2010). People with schizophrenia show a broad range of impaired social skills characterised by severe disturbance of cognitive processes and self-conscious awareness giving rise to symptoms that include delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thought and speech, disorganised and catatonic behaviour, poverty of speech and lack of, or inappropriate, responses to socio-emotional cues (Nolen-hoeksema, 2007). Recent research has suggested a connection between these VENs containing areas, self-referential processes and the subjective conscious experience of awareness (Allman et al., 2005; Craig, 2009; William W. Seeley et al., 2006). The evolutionary motivation underlying these adaptations may well have been due to the rise of species living in complex social groups that required the rapid intuitive assessment of social interactions and the ability to differentiate between the needs of oneself and those of others and this may have led to the ability to empathise with the emotional state and needs of individuals within the social structure (Allman et al., 2010; Allman, Tetreault, Hakeem, Park, 2011; Hakeem et al., 2009). We shall consider a model of consciousness where the FI serves to integrate bottom-up interoceptive sensory information with top-down predictions and modulations from higher level prefrontal cortical areas and the ACC generating a state of awareness (Gu, Hof, Friston, Fan , 2013). It is hypothesised that VENs mediate a rapid bidirectional feedback between the integration of sensory information in the AIC and the adaptive behavioral responses mediated by the ACC (Allman et al., 2005). Interoception is the integration of somatosensory information leading to a sense of the physiological state of the body, giving rise to a cortical image or representation of self (Craig, 2002, 2009). In humans the interoceptive network is mediated via afferent spinothalamic neurons projecting to the ventromedial nucleus which is significantly larger in humans than other primates; non-primates are unable to experience body feelings in the same manner as humans do due to the lack of the specific afferent spinothalamocortical pathway involved in â€Å"direct interoceptive representation† (Craig, 2002). This homeostatic information is relayed to the anterior insular cortex where there is a re-representation of this interoceptive cortical image and the ACC is involved in the active modulation of the feeling represented by this image in response to cognitive assessment from the orbitofrontal cortex (Allman et al., 2005; Craig, 2002, 2009; William W. Seeley et al., 2006)(Craig, 2002, 2009; Seeley, 2006; Allman, 2005). It is also worth noting that this top-down cognitive assessment could involve conscious internal dialog and suggests the co-evolution of language and consciousness and that we are conscious in a human sense because we have language. Language is not only used for external communication but internally as parts of our thought processes defining our current mental state and by extension is a defining the broader and more complex brain state (Arbib, 2001). The above research shows that VENs are intricately involved in the convergence of somatosensory information via a highly evolved thalamacortical pathway to the paralimbic structure of the AIC in which emerges an integrated cortical image. Bidirectional signaling between between the AIC, ACC and multiple areas of the brain is mediate via VENs and is a contiual feedback loop that assesses and updates this cortical self-image utilising contextual cues derived from the environment and past experiences accessed from long term memory via hippocampal projections. The AIC cortical self-representation is modulated with emotional context and predictive behavioural responses. References Allman, J. M., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., Manaye, K. F., Semendeferi, K., Erwin, J. M., . . . Hof, P. R. (2010). The von Economo neurons in frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex in great apes and humans. Brain Structure and Function, 214(5-6), 495-517. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-010-0254-0 Allman, J. M., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., Manaye, K. F., Semendeferi, K., Erwin, J. M., . . . Hof, P. R. (2011). The von Economo neurons in the frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortex. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1225(1), 59-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06011.x Allman, J. M., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., Park, S. (2011). The von economo neurons in apes and humans. American Journal of Human Biology, 23(1), 5-21. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.21136 Allman, J. M., Watson, K. K., Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y. (2005). Intuition and autism: a possible role for Von Economo neurons. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(8), 367-373. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.06.008 Arbib, M. A. (2001). Co-Evolution of Human Consciousness and Language. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 929(1), 195-220. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05717.x Bauernfeind, A. L., de Sousa, A. A., Avasthi, T., Dobson, S. D., Raghanti, M. A., Lewandowski, A. H., . . . Sherwood, C. C. (2013). A volumetric comparison of the insular cortex and its subregions in primates. Journal of Human Evolution, 64(4), 263-279. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.12.003 Brà ¼ne, M., Schà ¶bel, A., Karau, R., Benali, A., Faustmann, P. M., Juckel, G., Petrasch-parwez, E. (2010). Von Economo neuron density in the anterior cingulate cortex is reduced in early onset schizophrenia. Acta Neuropathologica, 119(6), 771-778. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-010-0673-2 Butti, C., Santos, M., Uppal, N., Hof, P. R. (2013). Von Economo neurons: Clinical and evolutionary perspectives. Cortex, 49(1), 312-326. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.10.004 Craig, A. D. (2002). How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Nat Rev Neurosci, 3(8), 655-666. Craig, A. D. (2009). How do you feel now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 10(1), 59-70. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2555 Critchley, H., Seth, A. (2012). Will Studies of Macaque Insula Reveal the Neural Mechanisms of Self-Awareness? Neuron, 74(3), 423-426. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.012 Gordon G. Gallup, Jr. (1970). Chimpanzees: Self-Recognition. Science, 167(3914), 86-87. doi: 10.2307/1728199 Gu, X., Hof, P. R., Friston, K. J., Fan, J. (2013). Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 521(15), 3371-3388. doi: 10.1002/cne.23368 Hakeem, A. Y., Sherwood, C. C., Bonar, C. J., Butti, C., Hof, P. R., Allman, J. M. (2009). Von Economo Neurons in the Elephant Brain. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 292(2), 242-248. doi: 10.1002/ar.20829 Hoffnung, M., Hoffnung, R. J., Seifert, K. L., Smith, R. B., Hine, A., Ward, L., PauseÃÅ' , C. (2013). Lifespan development : a chronological approach (Second Australasian Edition ed.): Milton, Qld. John Wiley and Sons Australia. Hunter, P. (2010). The basis of morality. EMBO Reports, 11(3), 166-169. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/embor.2010.19 Kaufman, J., Paul, L., Manaye, K., Granstedt, A., Hof, P., Hakeem, A., Allman, J. (2008). Selective reduction of Von Economo neuron number in agenesis of the corpus callosum. Acta Neuropathologica, 116(5), 479-489. doi: 10.1007/s00401-008-0434-7 Nimchinsky, E. A., Gilissen, E., Allman, J. M., Perl, D. P., Erwin, J. M., Hof, P. R. (1999). A neuronal morphologic type unique to humans and great apes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96(9), 5268-5273. Nolen-hoeksema, S. (2007). Abnormal psychology (E. Barrosse Ed.  ¤4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Seeley, W. W., Carlin, D. A., Allman, J. M., Macedo, M. N., Bush, C., Miller, B. L., DeArmond, S. J. (2006). Early frontotemporal dementia targets neurons unique to apes and humans. Ann Neurol, 60(6), 660-667. doi: 10.1002/ana.21055 Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., . . . Greicius, M. D. (2007). Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control. J Neurosci, 27(9), 2349-2356. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007